05/19/1925
Omaha, Nebraska, USA:
Malcolm Little, connu sous le nom de Malcolm X, également connu sous le nom d'El-Hajj Malek El-Shabazz, né le 19 mai 1925 à Omaha (Nebraska) et mort assassiné le 21 février 1965 à Harlem (État de New York), est un orateur, prêcheur, porte-parole de la Nation of Islam, militant politique et défenseur des droits de l'homme afro-américain. Après avoir été une voix majeure du nationalisme afro-américain et de Nation of Islam, il quitte ce dernier en 1964 pour rejoindre l'Islam sunnite et embrasser des vues plus universalistes, et devenir une figure de proue du mouvement des droits civiques aux États-Unis. Dans les derniers mois de sa vie, il appelle à une unité des divers mouvements des droits civiques et se rapproche d'autres leaders afro-américains comme le pasteur baptiste Martin Luther King, John Lewis président du Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) ou encore Fannie Lou Hamer, icône charismatique du Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party. En janvier 1965, lors d'une réunion du Congress of Racial Equality, il appelle à soutenir tout mouvement œuvrant pour les droits civiques. Malcolm X est l'une des quatre grandes icônes des mouvements afro-américains pour abolir les discriminations raciales aux États-Unis avec Rosa Parks, Daisy Bates et Martin Luther King pour la période qui va de 1954 à 1965. Au contraire des trois autres, il suscite la polémique, certains l'aiment, l'adulent et en font un héros exemplaire de la cause des Afro-Américains, tandis que d'autres le haïssent en font un traître qui a mérité son assassinat du 21 février 1965. Dans certains États depuis 1979, le Malcolm X Day est un jour férié aux États-Unis.
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